International STEP Newsletter


VOL. 3, NO. 1 MARCH 1997



CONTENTS



Published by the SCOSTEP Secretariat with the assistance of WDC-A for STP

ORGANIZATION PERSONNEL
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS (ICSU)
President: W. Arber
Secretary General: H. A. Mooney
Executive Director: Julia Marton-Lefèvre
ICSU Secretariat, icsu@lmcp.jussieu.fr

SCOSTEP SECRETARIAT
J. H. Allen, Scientific Secretary, C. M. Hanchett, Program Assistant
c/o NOAA/NGDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80303
Telephone (1 303) 497-7284, Fax (1 303) 497-6513, email: jallen@ngdc.noaa.gov

SCOSTEP BUREAU
President: C.-H. Liu, T341426@twncu865.ncu.edu.tw
Vice President: H. Oya, oya@stpp.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp
Scientific Secretary: J. H. Allen, jallen@ngdc.noaa.gov
S. Grzedzielski, cospar@paris7.jussieu.fr
A. P. Mitra, apm@sirnetd.ernet.in or apmitra@doe.ernet.in
M. J. Rycroft, rycroft@isu.isunet.edu
B. Schmieder, schmieder@mesiob.obspm.fr
O. L. Vaisberg, olegv@iki.rssi.ru
R. A. Vincent, rvincent@physics.adelaide.edu.au

STEP INTERNATIONAL COORDINATOR
J. G. Roederer, jgr@geewiz.gi.alaska.edu

STEP STEERING COMMITTEE
Chairman: G. Rostoker, rostoker@space.ualberta.ca
M.-L. Chanin, marie-lise.chanin@aerov.jussieu.fr
K. D. Cole, cole@mite.gsfc.nasa.gov
M. A. Geller, mgeller@ccmail.sunysb.edu
L. L. Hood, lon@lpl.arizona.edu
S. Kato, Fax (81 775) 33 40 13
K. Labitzke, labitzke@strat01.met.fu-berlin.de
H. Matsumoto, matsumot@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp
A. Nishida, nishida@gtl.isas.ac.jp
H. Oya, oya@stpp.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp
M. Pick, pick@mesiob.obspm.fr
D. Rees, walnut1@easynet.co.uk
M. A. Shea, shea@plh.af.mil
P. C. Simon, pauls@aero.oma.be
O. L. Vaisberg, olegv@iki.rssi.ru
S. T. Wu, wus@csparc.uah.edu

S-RAMP STEERING COMMITTEE
Interim Chairman: D. N. Baker, baker@orion.colorado.edu
S. Basu, sbasu@nsf.gov
B. J. Fraser, phbjf@cc.newcastle.edu.au
E. Friis-Christensen, efc@dmi.min.dk
Y. Kamide, kamide@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp
A. H. Manson, manson@skisas.usask.ca
H. Matsumoto, matsumot@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp
G. Ya. Smolkov, smolkov@sitmis.irkutsk.su

NEWSLETTER POLICY ON PUBLISHING INFORMATION
The SCOSTEP Secretariat invites contributions of information about publications or databases of special interest to scientists involved in the range of solar-terrestrial disciplines that comprise SCOSTEP and its main program, STEP. In general, we do not have time or opportunity to review whole works, but will rely on the involvement of contributors with STEP and related research or monitoring of STP phenomena. Probably, it will be best if contributions from STEP Working Groups are sent through the organizers of Projects or the Co-Chairs of WGs. At the least, they should receive a copy of the materials. (see file "publ9601.doc" in SCOSTEP/NEWSLETT.)


OPPORTUNITIES


The following communication was received at the Secretariat from ICSU's Executive Director, J. Marton-Lefèvre.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR EARTH MANAGEMENT (STEM)


You may recall that a background paper on a possible ICSU activity in Science and Technology for Earth Management (STEM) was presented to the 25th General Assembly of ICSU. You are also reminded that the Assessment of ICSU suggested that "ICSU should be an incubator of entrepreneurial activities at the nexus of interdisciplinary, international scientific activities. It should generate essential new scientific programmes and sound advice on science to guide policy formulation." Any further work on STEM would be in keeping with this recommendation.

The following points emerged from the discussion of STEM at the Washington meeting:

The world's energy supplies are mainly based on the use of fossil fuels which are available in limited quantities. Moreover, their consumption is responsible for a major part of the greenhouse atmospheric warming which is likely to make our energy system unsustainable before the reserves are exhausted. Energy is thus a possible candidate for STEM activities. It covers, however, a large variety of different topics such as: fossil fuel exploration and recovery; nuclear wastes and nuclear safety; renewable energies (solar electric and thermal technologies, wind, biomass, hydropower...); efficiency of energy use in industry, transport and housing; decarbonization of flue gases or fuels; carbon dioxide storage; land use. Some of these topics, such as transport system, imply a close collaboration with engineers and/or social scientists.

The original idea behind STEM was much broader than energy, comprising such key issues, as water resources, food security, increasing urbanization and megacities. The number of topics which are eligible to become STEM activities is exceedingly large and the first step should be to select those areas in which ICSU could play a unique role and take the lead in new research or other types of activities which would not be otherwise undertaken.

Should your organization have a specific proposal to make to ICSU in the STEM area, this should describe:


The deadline for proposals to be sent to the
ICSU Secretariat is 1 June 1997.
Following is the General Assembly background paper mentioned above.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FOR EARTH MANAGEMENT

1. Background. Following discussions at the meetings of the General Committee held in 1994 and 1995, two sets of recommendations were adopted pertaining to a possible activity of ICSU in the area of energy specifically, or more generally in the area of Science and Technology for Earth Management. The texts of these recommendations a reproduced below:

33rd Meeting of the General Committee, Morocco, 1994:
Energy: The General Committee requests that the position paper on energy be completed and that it form the basis for a small meeting to be organized in 1995 with the participation of experts to be nominated by the various relevant Unions. The involvement of social scientists, particularly economists and technologists and transportation experts, was encouraged. Recommendations of a possible programme for ICSU in energy might emerge from this meeting. The 34th meeting of the General Committee would make a recommendation of follow-up action, if any.

34th Meeting of the General Committee, Thailand, 1995:
Science and Technology for Earth Management: Having heard interesting proposals for possible future ICSU actions in physical and human aspects of managing the earth system, such as energy, the control of greenhouse gases, and nuclear waste disposal, the General Committee requests the Executive Board to convene a strategy meeting involving persons with appropriate expertise, in order to determine the proper role of ICSU in the arena of earth system management with particular emphasis on the three cases mentioned above.

2. Strategic Meeting on Science & Technology for Earth Management (STEM), Paris, April 1996.
In response to these recommendations, the Executive Board convened a brainstorming meeting to determine a role for ICSU in this area. This meeting was held in April 1996 and participants began by recalling that in 1991, as a part of its role as science adviser to the UN Conference on Environment and Development, ICSU convened a meeting on "An Agenda of Science for Environment and Development into the 21st Century (ASCEND 21.) ASCEND 21 stressed a new commitment on the part of the international scientific community as a whole to work together so that improved and expended scientific research, and the systematic assessment of scientific results, combined with a prediction of impacts, would enable policy options in environment and development to be evaluated on the basis of sound scientific facts. Furthermore, ASCEND 21 forcefully asserted the responsibility of science to provide independent explanations of its findings to individuals, organizations and governments. It is in this context that ICSU, whose principal objective is "to promote international scientific activity in different branches of science and their applications for the benefit of humanity", has discussed the need to address issues pertaining to societal concerns relating to a prudent or sustainable Earth management.

A long discussion ensued, providing the opportunity for participants to make suggestions of a variety of critical issues relevant to Earth management, which need further attention by the international scientific community, in order to carry forward the ASCEND recommendations into concrete actions. These issues may be presented in three inter-connected categories:

It was noted that many scientists feel a responsibility to become involved in problems concerning Earth management and that ICSU, because of its independent, multidisciplinary and international nature, has a unique role to play in this. ICSU should bring together its own vast membership along with its network of partners to address questions of global concern about the way the Earth's resources are managed. It was noted however that, should ICSU undertake a leadership role in this area, it needed to do so with its partners, both the traditional ones, such as UNESCO, but also with new partners, notably economists and social scientists. In addition, a dialogue should be opened with governmental persons and leaders of industry.

The Group then recommended that ICSU establish a Standing Committee on Science and Technology in Earth Management (STEM), consisting of individuals appointed by the Executive Board of ICSU. Members of this Committee should be drawn from the ICSU membership and should also include engineers, social scientists, economists and persons with expertise in communicating the findings of science to non-scientific publics and in ways of bringing about a change of attitudes. Care should also be taken to ensure that the members of STEM come from all of the world's major regions. Additional experts may be co-opted to STEM as the need arises. STEM would act as the conscience of ICSU in articulating the responsibility of scientists in ensuring that wise decisions are made about the sustainable use of the Earth's resources. STEM would provide the opportunity for ICSU to act as a catalyst for appropriate preventive action and to offer the services of the scientific community to decision makers. In all its actions STEM would involve various disciplines and provide for the bridge between scientists and technologists, decision-makers and industrial leaders.

STEM would decide upon the priority critical issues to address and examine the state of the art in knowledge pertaining to the types of areas such as those listed above, in view of ascertaining whether enough is being done or whether there are obvious gaps which need to be filled. In the case of gaps, STEM would initiate appropriate actions on a specific topic, either through existing ICSU or other bodies or as a STEM-sponsored activity, possibly involving industry. In all cases STEM would treat these issues with appropriate urgency, and ensure that convincing arguments are articulated and heard. The making of a case by STEM would include a presentation of all of the scientific issues involved, coupled with recommendations for the legal and administrative infrastructure needed to achieve results.

3. Executive Board Response to STEM Recommendations (May 1996). The Executive Board of ICSU at its May meeting discussed the report and recommendations of the STEM meeting held here in April and felt that as a large number of the areas identified by the meeting as needing further attention by the scientific community were either already being covered by, or fell within the scope of, different ICSU bodies, it was not necessary, at this time, to establish a new Standing Committee for ICSU. It was agreed that a letter should be sent to those ICSU bodies which are already carrying out activities in the areas highlighted by the strategic meeting (SCOWAR, DIVERSITAS, SCOR, LUCC, ISSS, IGBP, WCRP, IUGS, SCOPE, and ACE) giving the background on the STEM meeting and recommendations, and asking for information on actions already undertaken and on how these could be extended in a proactive manner. The Board further agreed that the new Executive Board of ICSU should review the question of a more specific ICSU involvement in the area of energy, which is not already or potentially covered by present activities of member of the ICSU family.

AVAILABILITY OF DATA FROM "CURRENT" NASA "SPACE PHYSICS" MISSIONS

Are you interested in the data products that now exist or are planned to exist from the investigations on currently operating space physics missions (solar, magnetospheric, heliospheric)? And whether (and how) those data are accessible to you?

At the request of the NASA Office of Space Science (OSS), we have constructed and are continuing to coordinate population of a Web-based "Space Physics Data Availability Catalog." This system is now publicly accessible at

http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/SPD.html.

Currently, the catalog includes the ISTP missions (Geotail, Polar, SOHO and Wind) with collaborating GOES and LANL geosynchronous satellite and ground-based investigations, FAST, IMP-8, Pioneer 10/11, SAMPEX, Ulysses, Voyager 1/2 and YOHKOH. The catalog summarizes data products in several distinct ways (tables and text summaries) with links as appropriate to data or data services. The catalog pages also include links to all known mission and investigation home pages. The catalog directly supports submission of updated or extended information for subsequent entry into the database.

The goal of this effort is creation of an accurate overview of data products being created by NASA-funded investigations and the degree to which those data products are being made publicly accessible and useful. Several calls for additional information and review of the contents of the catalog have been issued over the past months to both projects and individual investigations. While we continue to welcome and strongly encourage further more complete, comprehensive and up-to-date information from all investigators, the catalog is now being opened for general community use and review.

At this same time, the NASA Space Physics Data System (SPDS) will be working over the next few months to highlight those missions/investigations performing well in making their data fully and appropriately available, as well as any specific issues or areas of concern. The findings of SPDS will be submitted to OSS and are anticipated to be made subsequently available by OSS for reference as appropriate by other NASA review or advisory groups.

The Space Physics Data Availability Catalog is a joint effort of the NASA GSFC Space Physics Data Facility and the National Space Science Data Center.
Bob McGuire
mcguire@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov

NEW WEB-SERVER IN BERLIN

The Stratospheric Research Group (FU Berlin) would like to inform you (and your colleagues) about our new URL:

http://strat-www.met.fu-berlin.de.
We offer interesting, unique and valuable information about our research activities concerning the stratosphere and related topics, e.g:
For additional information or comments, please contact:
Tassilo Kubitz, Stratospheric Research Group
(Director: Prof. K. Labitzke), Institut fuer Meteorologie,
Freie Universitaet Berlin, Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 6-10
12165 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49-30-838 71 173; Fax: +49-30-793 17 85 e-mail: kubitz@strat01.met.fu-berlin.de

CATALOGUE OF POLAR AURORAE <55N IN THE PERIOD 1000-1900 A.D. AVAILABLE ON-LINE

The NOAA National Geophysical Data Center has converted the catalogue of aurorae found in the monograph "Solar Activity, Aurorae and Climate in Central Europe in the Last 1000 Years" (Krivsky and Pejml, 1985, 1988), and the Krivsky Supplement (Travaux Geophysiques, XXXVII (1993-96), 1-21) into digital format. Over 6200 auroral events from the years 1000 to 1900 are listed in this compilation. Corrections and new data from the Supplement were added to the original list. This digital conversion work was funded in part by NOAA data rescue funds and by NASA Space Physics Data System Data Set Preservation and Supply funds.
The data are available via anonymous ftp (ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov and cd /STP/SOLAR_DATA) or via the worldwide web at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/SOLAR/solar.html.
NGDC thanks the authors for their kind permission to make these valuable data available on-line. Please refer to their papers for further information about this database. Inhomo-geneities are discussed and correction factors suggested (when using forty year sums for the period 1000-1479 multiply by factor 14.3, for 1480-1559 by factor 6.2, for 1560-1719 by factor 3.1, no adjustment after 1720.)

Helen Coffey
NOAA NGDC, hcoffey@ngdc.noaa.gov

COSMIC RAY HOURLY DATA
NOW AVAILABLE ON-LINE

NOAA NGDC developed the Space Physics Interactive Data Resource (SPIDR) Data Base Management System (DBMS) to assist scientists in searching and browsing extensive digital archives. Recently the cosmic ray neutron monitor hourly data have been added to this DBMS system. Data include over 1700 station years of hourly value data from more than 117 stations for the years 1953 to the present.

To browse and plot data, please visit our web site at

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov:8080
Click on the cosmic ray icon. Downloading data capabilities will be available shortly. The availability of these data is the result of NOAA and NASA data rescue efforts, as well as extensive efforts by the World Data Center C2 for Cosmic Rays, Japan (Dr. Watanabe.)

NGDC will soon add the one-second digital solar radio USAF Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) event data to the SPIDR system. Because of limited disk space, NGDC requests input from the community to determine the time coverage for the on-line data. Data will be loaded by day. One day can contain several Mbytes of data, so get your preferences in before someone else locks us in to their favorite times!

Please send comments to Helen Coffey (hcoffey@ngdc.noaa.gov) or Eric Kihn (ekihn@ngdc.noaa.gov).

DATABASE OF THE HELIOGEOPHYSICAL CENTER

S. G. Frolov, A. V. Tsoorgaev, Yu. R. Vainberg
Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, 129128 Russia
E-mail address: geophys@sovam.com

The Heliogeophysical Center (HC) of the Institute of Applied Geophysics (IAG) of the Hydrometeorological Service, Moscow, Russia, functions as a Eurasian Regional Center (RWC Moscow) of the International Space Environment Service (ISES.) It is responsible for gathering and processing the FSU network of solar-geophysical data in real-time and for exchanging these data with other RWCs around the world.

Input data come from a ground data network of solar, ionospheric, and geomagnetic observatories. Space data are received from the network of "Meteor" series satellites. These low altitude satellites are in polar quasi- circular orbits at 900 - 1,000 km altitude and 104 minute orbit period. Data also are received from the geostationary "Electro" satellite at 85 deg. E.

"Meteor" satellite data (usually 2 to 3 satellites are in orbit simultaneously) include monitoring of energetic electrons (E > 0.15, 0.7, 1.5, and 3 MeV) and protons (E > 5, 15, 25, 40, and 90 MeV; and 400 "Electro" performs hourly measurements of such parameters as:

At present, only some selected sensors on "Electro" are processed more or less regularly.

The Base of Current Heliogeophysical Information (BCHI) covers 8-day sets of data since 1992. It includes:

  1. DAY.DBF. Daily parameters of the Sun and geomagnetic field activity;
  2. EN_EN.DBF. Characteristics of electromagnetic emissions components of the active regions on the Sun;
  3. GROUP.DBF. Daily characteristics of the Sun's active regions (Kislovodsk observatory data);
  4. HOUR3.DBF. Three-hour planetary (Kp) and local (K) geomagnetic activity indices, magnetospheric activity indices based on "Meteor" satellite data;
  5. ION.DBF. Hourly ionospheric characteristics;
  6. POTOK.DBF. Three-hour mean values of magnetospheric particle densities based on "Meteor" satellite data;
  7. SUN.DBF. Characteristics electromagnetic emissions components of the active regions on the Sun based on Russian observatory measurements; and
  8. SUNSPOT.DBF. Daily characteristics of the Sun's active regions (evolution, flare activity.)
The list of FSU ground ionospheric and magnetic observatory data available in BCHI is shown in the following table. Two stations (Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod -- formerly Gorky) supply measurements of solar radio emissions. A special software system of HC provides not only data collection and processing, but also generates various forecasts, namely: real-time, short-time (1-3 days), middle-term (5-7 days), long-term (27-31 days) and superlong (>31 days) for different heliogeophysical processes and events.

All BCHI data and forecasts can be reached by users via e-mail at the address (geophys@sovam.com) or over the Gelionet network (60:5020/0@gelionet, tel. 7-095-1877302). The latter gives a client direct access via modem to the BCHI server. Applied software in MS-DOS operations systems allows any user to look through the data and forecasts using a hierarchical menu system to request and receive information. Routinely HC distributes daily by all possible means (mail, telephone, radio, dedicated lines, e-mail, etc.) 43 types of regular messages to 170 addresses. Experiments are in progress to use wireless data broadcast directly to a client's computer using regular TV (Teletext) and/or HF Radio (Radiotext) signals.

List of ionospheric (I) and magnetic (M) observatories
available in the IAG database.

	 	    1993	  1994	        1995       1996
Station		    I    M	  I    M	I    M	   I    M

Moscow	            +    +	  +     +	+     +	   +    +
Rostov	            +            +/-	        +         +/-
Cape Shmidt	    +/-
Dixon	            +    +	  +     +      +/-+	   +    +
Loparskaya	    +	         +/-
Izvestiya Island                       +/-	      +	        +
Arkhangelsk	   +/-  +/-
St.Petersburg	    +    +	  +     +	+     +	   +    +
Novosibirsk	    +    +	  +     +	+     +	   +    +
Tomsk	            +		  +             +	   +
Podkamennaya
Tunguska	    +    +	  +     +	+    +/-  +/-  +/-
Ekaterinburg
  (Sverdlovsk)	   +/-  +/-	  +            +/-
Salekhard	    +		  +	        +	   +
Magadan	            +    +	  +     +	+     +	   +     +
Khabarovsk	    +
Petropavlovsk
  (Paratunka)	    +    +	  +     +      +/-    +	  +/-    +
Uelen	           +/-   +	  +     +       +     +	        +/-
Tashkent	    +		  +	        +	   +
Ashkhabad	    +		  +            +/-        +/-
Kaliningrad	    +    +	  +     +
Preobrazheniya Is. +/-  +/-	 +/-    +            +/-
Krenkel (Heiss Is.,
  Kheysa Is.)	         +	        +	      +	        +/-
Cape Chelyuskin
   (Chelyuskin)	        +/-	        +	     +/-	+/-
Tiksi (Tixle)	         +		+             +	        +/-
Murmansk	         +		+	      +	         +
Uedinenlya Island                      +/-	      +	         +


QUEST FOR OLD ISSUES OF
GEOSCIENCES JOURNALS AND BOOKS

We would like to turn to you with a somewhat unusual request. We know, that some institutions have several copies of older issues of the journals they receive. Sometimes libraries even get rid of those duplicates for the sake of space. But this literature could be of much importance and use for others.

During the times of the Soviet Union such editions as JGR, GRL, Planet. Space Sci., J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., J. Plasma Phys., Phys. Fluids, etc. were not often received in Ukraine. We do not have access to JATP; other journals are limited in regularity and access is quite difficult. JGR and GRL are available only for selected months, with multiple gaps.

Everyone working in science knows how important it is to have the references handy. We here at Kiev Shevchenko University have a team, which works actively in the fields of space physics, plasma physics and satellite data analysis. We are involved in the Interball mission, APEX, carried out optical observations of CRRES experiments and work on other problems. We are one of the leading institutions in the future Ukrainian "Warning" project to study the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere relations. Our less recent works were related to active experiments in space, solar corona theory and observations, auroral studies, etc. Talented students and post-graduates study and work at the Department. The level of scientists who studied at the Department is very high, e.g., Prof. E. Ponomarev at SibIZMIR Russia, Drs. Yu. Taranenko and V. Pas'ko at Stanford, acad. N. Steshenko, Director of Krimean AO, and many others.

We would be most grateful for any contributions to our library at the Department: older issues of space science journals, monographs, preprints etc. Names of the contributing institutions will be mentioned in acknowledgments in any publication where the materials gifted are used. Those persons interested are most welcome to notify us by e-mail: ivchenko@astrophys.ups.kiev.ua
Dr. Vasyl Ivchenko
Chief, Department of Astronomy and Space Physics
Physics Faculty, Kiev Shevchenko University, Kiev, Ukraine


MEETING REPORTS


SOLTIP III SYMPOSIUM ON SOLAR AND INTERPLANETARY TRANSIENT PHENOMENA

Beijing, China, October 14-18, 1996
SOLTIP (Solar Connection to Transient Interplanetary Processes) is Project WG-2.1 of STEP. Its objective is to foster interdisciplinary research on the linkage of the Sun to the magnetosphere via physical processes in the interplanetary medium. Previous symposia were held in Liblice, Czech Republic, 30 September - 5 October 1991, and Nakaminato, Japan 13-17 June 1994. Proceedings were published under the editorship of S. Fischer and M. Vandas (SOLTIP I) and T. Watanabe (SOLTIP II.) The latter proceedings include a two-solar cycle summary of activities ("SOLTIP: Past, Present, and Future" by M. Dryer) that gives a long-range view of progress in this field.

SOLTIP III, sponsored by SCOSTEP, was co-sponsored by the International Astronomical Union, International Center for Theoretical Physics, and Committee for Space Research. National co-sponsorship was provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, and Laboratory of Numerical Study for Heliospheric Physics. Eighty-one papers were presented by the 106 registrants from 19 countries. Some of the highlights are presented below.

A. Efimov (Russia) discussed the measurement of magnetic fluctuations near the Sun using Helios spacecraft Faraday rotations; he determined the Alfvenic fluctuations to be of order ÆB/B~0.1. A linkage to high latitude geomagnetic activity was demonstrated by B. Tsurutani (US) who showed that Bz fluctuations of Alfven waves in coronal hole high-speed streams can produce higher activity during solar minimum than during solar maximum. There were extensive discussions of remote solar wind sensing using interplanetary radio scintillations by M. Kojima (Japan), Z. Xiao (PRC), N. A. Lotova (Russia), V. Balasubrumanian (India), P. K. Manoharan (India), and K. R. Submarmanian (India.) Of particular interest is the use of multi-IPS observatories, using velocities, to build up tomographic images that could, in the future, be compared with 3D MHD models.

Some very recent results from SOHO were presented in summary form by K. R. Lang (US) who showed the Sun in its quiet "textbook" state at the present solar minimum prior to Cycle 23. Coronal mass ejections, northern and southern polar plumes within the high latitude coronal holes, and high resolution spectroscopy results were shown by D. J. Michels (US), G. Poletto (Italy), and K. F. H. Wilhelm (Germany.) The picture of stagnant plasma within "closed" helmet structures was completely changed when it was discovered (D. J. Michels, N. R. Sheeley, Jr., US) that continuous streaming takes place through the heretofore-believed "closed" cusp structure as predicted by Suess et al. (US.)

The objective of analyzing full sets of data during the STEP period was fulfilled for SOLTIP Intervals 1 (March 1991) and 5 (February and April 1994.) The latter period was discussed in detail by I. S. Veselovsky (Russia) and T. Watanabe (Japan) for two 3D effects at ULYSSES. The first event in April 1994 was a YOHKOH (only) observed helmet streamer disruption. ULYSSES similarly observed forward/reverse shocks in both cases, and Earth experienced strong geomagnetic activity in both cases. The earlier SOLTIP Interval in March 1991, with multiple solar flares that penetrated a complex heliospheric current/plasma sheet configuration, was examined within the 2-1/2 D MHD context by D. Odstrcil (Czech Republic), M. Dryer, and Z. Smith (US.) Their video showing the compound shocked structures led E. Flueckiger (Switzerland) to propose a solution for a previous, one-hour, mysterious GV proton flux enhancement on the Earth's dusk-midnight sector during a Forbush decrease on 24 March 1991. H. S. Ahluwalia (US) also discussed the steady-state cosmic ray modulation in the 3D heliosphere as summarized by K.-P. Wenzel (The Netherlands.)

The solar and interplanetary shock problem was discussed within the "blast" and "piston-driven" context by V. G. Eselevich (Russia) who used both observational and similarity theory to delineate these two general classes of shocks. The issue of solar shock "survival" and electron acceleration was discussed by J.-L. Bougeret (France) within the context of type II and Type III radio bursts in the ground-based metric and WIND and ULYSSES radio kilometric ranges. Recognizing the gap from about the ionospheric 25 MHz cutoff to about 2-10 MHz available on ULYSSES, he summarized several controversies: (1) Are the Type III relativistic electron bursts only associated with shocks, or are they actually accelerated in situ by the shocks? (2) Are the Type II metric shocks generated in the lower corona, the same as those measured via kilometric drifts in the interplanetary medium or do they decay, to be replaced by separate CME-generated shocks? It was clear that these questions are subsidiary to the "solar flare myth" controversy wherein the proponents maintain that solar flares play no fundamental role in the generation of CMEs. This view appears to be in the process of rejection.

The issue of particle acceleration at shocks was advanced by B. Sanahuja, D. Lario, and A. M. Heras (Spain) who showed that their empirical model, using 2D MHD, can now be extended up to 100 MeV protons. Their ideas were supported by M. A. Shea and D. F. Smart (US) who discussed a dual-stage injection scenario during solar flares for protons up to relativistic energies. Modulation of energetic magnetic particles inside and outside of propagating magnetic clouds was also described, within the context of both 2D and 3D MHD models, by M. Vandas, S. Fischer, and D. Odstricil (Czech Republic.)

Details of interplanetary reconnection were discussed by F. S. Wei and Q. Hu (PRC) as examples of the growing MHD numerical program being conducted by our Chinese colleagues who organized the meeting details, all of which were smoothly and graciously arranged.

Finally, SOLTIP was invited by the Chinese Journal of Space Scienct to publish the Proceedings in a first-time, all-English volume. This invitiation is presently under advisement since a monetary source would have to be identified. Additional information is expected to be posted on the Web at either http://www.lhp.ac.cn or http://www.expi.com

Murray Dryer
Chairman, SOC, SOLTIP III, Co-Chair, SOLTIP

SUN-EARTH CONNECTION ROADMAP WORKSHOP

October 28-30, 1996
The second Sun-Earth Connection Roadmap Workshop was held at JPL on October 28-30, 1996. With the incorporation of material generated at the Workshop, the Roadmap is nearing completion. While still under construction, the Roadmap web site at http://espsun.space.swri.edu/~roadmap/index.html contains the latest information. Please check the material and respond with any suggestions to Bill Lewis at grl@swri.edu.

Jim Burch
(jburch@swri.edu)

SHINE

January 17-18, 1997
The grass-roots SHINE group, concerned with sources of space weather in the Solar, Heliospheric and INterplanetary Environment, met on January 17-18 at the NOAA Space Environment Center (SEC) in Boulder, in conjunction with the Space Weather Workshop. The group compiled a list of research and modeling areas that need immediate support for advancing space weather predictions from the Sun to Earth (L1), and will forward the list to NSF to serve as a guideline for proposal selections.

The working group on recurrent storms reviewed Joe Kunches' recipe for storm forecasting at SEC (see International STEP Newsletter, December 1996) and discussed questions raised by Joe as well as comments received from SHINE members in response to e-mail circulation of the recipe. Most comments recommended focused efforts to transition models from researchers to forecasters. SHINE members agreed, as discussed at length at the Workshop itself, that the transition phase is a bottleneck because no agency funds efforts that are applied rather than basic space science. Models nearing the transition stage were presented, and enthusiasm was expressed for trying them out in SEC's meagerly funded but developing rapid prototyping (transitioning) center.

The working group on transient events heard presentations on recent research concerned with predicting magnetic field orientations in CMEs and magnetic clouds and predicting CMEs from X-ray and white light observations. Several members then led discussions on specific events, including the now famous Jan. 6-10 CME/magnetic cloud/storm identified by the ISTP community, and made plans for further collaborative research. Additional information about SHINE, including the list of research areas in need of support, can be found at http://www.sec.noaa.gov/~vpizzo/shine.

Nancy Crooker
crooker@buasta.bu.edu


SPECIAL AGU SESSIONS/PUBLICATIONS


Baltimore, MD, May 27-30, 1997
JANUARY 1997 MAGNETIC CLOUD EVENT UPDATE
As many of you know, the Sun-Earth Connections event observed by the ISTP and collaborating spacecraft and ground-based investigations has received a great deal of worldwide attention in the media (an extensive list of media coverage of the event is available from the event web page referenced below.)

We are continuing our efforts to gather data and information for the event; please direct contributions to one of us at the email addresses listed below. All relevant material available to date is accessible from the event home page at URL:

http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/cloud_jan97/event.html
We wish to alert the wider space physics community to several upcoming activities to further the correlative analyses of this event. A special session on the event is now planned for the Spring 1997 AGU; it will be part of session SM01 on "Simultaneous Observations from Solar-Terrestrial Missions: Event Analysis." We encourage all members of the solar, interplanetary, magnetospheric and ionospheric physics communities to join in the study of this event, and to participate in the special session.

Plans are also underway to follow up the AGU session with a special issue of Geophysics Research Letters. For additional information, contact:
Barbara Thompson (thompson@eitv3.nascom.nasa.gov)
Nicky Fox (nicola.fox@gsfc.nasa.gov)
Mauricio Peredo (peredo@istp1.gsfc.nasa.gov)

Mauricio Peredo
peredo@istp1.gsfc.nasa.gov

CORONAL HEATING AND SOLAR WIND ACCELERATION

GRL will publish a special issue on the topic of coronal heating and solar wind accelerations. SOHO (and other) observational results will be welcome as well as new theories of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration. In addition to the GRL special issue, a special session on the same topic will be held at the spring AGU meeting in Baltimore. This has been arranged with Ed Roelof, Secretary for Solar and Heliospheric Physics.

Bruce Tsurutani and Art Poland
(btsurutanI@jplsp1.jpl.nasa.gov)

AGU SESSION SM01: SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS FROM SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL MISSIONS: EVENT ANALYSIS

On behalf of the organizing committee we would like to invite you to present either a contributed talk or a contributed poster paper to this special session. The session has been divided into the following topics:

  1. Magnetic Clouds and the IACG Campaigns
  2. Solar Wind Correlative Observations
  3. Structure of the Magnetopause and Bow Shock
  4. Plasma Entry at High Latitude
  5. Boundary Plasmas and Tail Measurements
  6. Magnetosphere and Substorms
  7. Ionospheric/Magnetospheric Interactions
  8. Data Analysis Tools supporting coordinated observations (poster session with network access if needed)
For additional information, contact: James Green (green@ nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov) or Mauricio Peredo (peredo@ istp1.gsfc.nasa.gov).


FORTHCOMING MEETINGS


IGAC/SPARC CONFERENCE ON
GLOBAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION

Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 20-22, 1997
Introduction. The realization that the chemical composition of the atmosphere is changing on a global scale has far reaching implications for the health of the environment and the future of human society. This leads to a requirement that many nations participate in assessing the current state and trends of the chemical state of the atmosphere. This requires in turn the assembly of global measurement systems for atmospheric composition.

The aim of this Conference is to bring together managers, scientists and policy makers to discuss current knowledge of and predictive capabilities for atmospheric composition, to define the near-term requirements for global measurement systems, and to begin developing a framework for more comprehensive systems in the future. It is intended to stimulate interaction between three groups of people: those who plan and conduct large space-based experiments, those who are involved in other large scale measurement programs both as planners and experimenters, and modelers.

Preliminary Topics. Space-based Measurements, Upper Atmosphere Measurements, Lower Atmosphere Measurements, Calibration and Validation, Modeling, Data Assimilation, Policy Issues, Future Requirements and Possibilities.
For information:
gomac@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca or http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/gomac

THIRD VOLGA INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL ON SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS

Nizhny Novgorod/Volga River, Russia
May 22- June 3, 1997
We cordially invite you to participate in the Third Volga International Summer School on Space Plasma Physics, onboard a comfortable ship cruising on the majestic Volga river through scenic and culturally fascinating parts of Russia. The board and lodging will be provided onboard, with accommodation in air-conditioned cabins with private bathrooms.

The purpose of these biennial Summer Schools, organised jointly since 1993 by the Radiophysical Research Institute (NIRFI) Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, and the Uppsala Division of the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRFU), Uppsala, Sweden, is to give an insight into the common scientific problems of contemporary space plasma physics and plasma astrophysics by bringing together experienced researchers, young scientists and scholars in astrophysics, space physics and plasma physics for a fruitful exchange of ideas across interest, language, culture and age barriers.

The topics covered at these Summer Schools include linear and nonlinear plasma physics, waves and radiation phenomena in plasma, waves in random media and turbulence, ionospheric, magnetospheric and heliospheric plasma, solar and stellar coronal plasma, space and astrophysical plasma under extreme conditions, space plasma radio emission, radio and radar methods for investigating space, ionospheric modification, and the use of the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere as a space plasma laboratory for model experiments which simulate phenomena in other plasma environments.

The regular sessions will be in the form of general lectures and tutorial talks. In addition, participants are welcome to submit abstracts if they so wish. Their accepted contributions will be presented in special oral or poster sessions. Onboard we will have a temoprary Radiofizika/Radio Physics and Quantum Electronics editors office and a referee group, so that it will be possible to have your paper submitted, reviewed, edited and accepted for publication in Radiofizika by the time you disembark the ship.
The deadline for abstracts is 15 April 1997.
Attendance is granted on a first come/first served basis and is limited to about 200. The earlier Summer Schools in 1993 and 1995 attracted about 130 and 170 participants, respectively. For additional information, please contact the organizing committee (Lev M. Erukhimov and Bo Thide) by e-mail at iss97@nirfi.sci-nnov.ru. You may also visit the ISS97 WWW home page at http://www.wavegroup.irfu.se/Volga97/.

NORTH AMERICAN URSI MEETING SESSION G2: MODELING OF THERMOSPHERIC-IONOSPHERIC FEEDBACKS

Montreal, Canada, July 13-18, 1997
The session will focus on modeling of the coupled thermosphere/ionosphere system. Possible topics include studies or simulations of the electric field, electrojet generation and modification, dynamo generation and effects, and effects of the lower atmosphere on the ionosphere, such as those due to gravity, tidal, or planetary wave perturbations. Studies which seek to explain the day-to-day variability in the thermosphere/ ionosphere system are also of great interest. For additional information contact: C. G. Fesen (fesen@tides.utdallas.edu).

SCOSTEP Colleagues -- In these NLs we will sometimes announce sessions of IAGA and/or ICMA in Uppsala that take place on the same days as the 9th Quadrennial STP Symposium. Of course, the Secretariat is most concerned that we have full participation in the STP Symposium. However, because we have decided to encourage submission of contributed STP papers to appropriate sessions of the IAGA and ICMA symposia, it may be important for their announcements to be circulated among our community. Also, our STP Symposium sessions are mostly half-day during the first week (Wednesday is the exception), so that afternoon participation in the other sessions is always possible. If you know now about the opportunities for schedule planning, perhaps it will help to make good use of limited time and many choices in Uppsala.

JHA

IAGA SESSION 2.12/3.11/4.06/5.06:
SPACE WEATHER: MODELS, NEAR REAL-TIME MONITORING AND PREDICTIONS

Uppsala, Sweden, August 4-5, 1997
The interest for prediction of the dynamical state of the magnetosphere has both a strong scientific motivation and a practical need: the test for models describing the magnetospheric plasma dynamics is in their predictive capability. On the other hand, the need for ensuring continuous operation of spacecraft orbiting the Earth is vital as they run activities important for our daily lives.

The time is ripe to join our efforts conducted in various fields ranging from observations, theoretical and data-based modeling, and numerical simulation studies to satellite anomaly studies and other practical applications. The session is open for all aspects relevant for space weather studies. The session will last for two full days, and will consist of invited and contributed talks and poster sessions. For additional information contact: Tuija Pulkkinen (tuija@kitron. colorado.edu).

IAGA SYMPOSIUM 4.05: FORESHOCK, BOW SHOCK AND MAGNETOSHEATH: THE MULTI-SPACECRAFT PERSPECTIVE

Uppsala, Sweden, August 9, 1997
NOTE: This Symposium will be coordinated and collocated with the Saturday sessions of 3.01 (2.07, 4.11) Plasma Processes at the Earth's Magnetopause and their Ionospheric Effects to focus on the outer magnetosphere/solar wind interaction. In view of the unavailability of Cluster data, papers not directly involved with multi-spacecraft analyses and issues will also be considered.

Despite the considerable progress over the past two decades in our understanding of the Earth's bow shock (and by inference collisionless shocks in general), together with related phenomena upstream (the foreshock) and downstream (the magnetosheath), many questions remain. Multi-point measurements, such as those to be provided by Cluster-II and/or other mission constellations, will be able to address the role played by the shock curvature, non-planar sub-structures and non-steady inhomogeneous environment extending from the foreshock boundary to the magnetopause. These aspects are important in mediating and effecting particle transport and acceleration, (re)distribution of thermal energy and momentum amongst sub-populations, waves, instabilities and turbulence, and other processes. This symposium will concentrate on these dynamic 3-D considerations. Papers containing observations, analysis techniques, and related theoretical/simulation efforts are invited. For additional information contact: S. J Schwartz (s.j.schwartz@qmw.ac.uk).

IAGA SESSION 3.07: GENERATION AND PROPAGATION OF ULF WAVES

Uppsala, Sweden, August 9, 1997
This symposium will consider all aspects of the generation and propagation of ULF waves, from the lowest-frequency MHD waves to waves in the ion cyclotron frequency range, including associated effects on particle populations. Papers which emphasize comparisons between theory and observations are strongly encouraged. For additional information contact: A. A. Chan (anthony-chan@rice.edu).

IAGA WG IV.2 MEETING: TURBULENCE AND
SHOCK WAVES IN THE HELIOSPHERE

Uppsala, Sweden, August 11, 1997
Scientific discussions will be focused on the principal aspects of the turbulence and shocks in the inner and outer heliosphere: sources, structure and evolution, sinks. Theoretical and computer models, experimental and observational works and their intercomparison can be considered. Inter-disciplinary links and applications are very important. Among them are the solar wind heating and acceleration problem, dynamical processes in the solar wind source region, in the interaction region with the interstellar medium and bodies inside the heliosphere: planets, especially Earth, comets etc. Diagnostic tools include direct measurements in space, interplanetary scintillations, optical and radio emission, energetic particle observations, effects in the magnetosphere and ionosphere, geomagnetic manifestations and others. The list of subjects is not complete and intend only to call your attention to the problems of the Working Group IV.2. For additional information, contact: I. S. Veselovsky (veselov@ dec1.npi.msu.su).

IAGA SESSION 3.10: PHYSICS AND MICROPHYSICS OF THE DISCRETE AURORA

Uppsala, Sweden, August 12, 1997
This symposium will focus on observational studies and theoretical models of the discrete aurora and auroral accelerators. Topics of interest range from magnetospheric generators to plasma microphysics and include large-scale sheared flows, auroral electron acceleration and parallel electric fields, transverse ion acceleration, and solitary structures such as MHD waves, double layers, and lower hybrid cavities. All contributed papers in this symposium will be given at a poster session. All oral presentations will be by invitation. For additional information contact: S. Derr (sarah@space.ualberta.ca).

IAGA SESSION 7.02: GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Uppsala, Sweden, August 14 (pm) - 15 (am), 1997
The main problems in Geomagnetism and Aeronomy research in Developing Countries will be presented and discussed. It is desirable that practical solutions for these problems will be considered under international cooperation. Reports about important advancements obtained in the last few years are welcome and contributions on recent scientific results and future prospects are solicited. For additional information: http:// www.irfu.se/iaga_97.html or contact the Conveners: Prof. .Luiz Muniz Barreto, Observatorio Nacional, Rua Gen. Bruce, 586, 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil FAX: +55-21-580-3782 e-mail: barreto@obsn.on.br
Dr. A. A. Ashour Dept. of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cairo, Egypt
FAX: +20-2-57-27556 e-mail: asghour@frcu.eun.eg.

IAGA SYMPOSIUM 2.10/3.01/4.11: PLANETARY MAGNETOSPHERES, IONOSPHERES, AND ATMOSPHERES

Uppsala, Sweden, August 14-15, 1997
The purpose of this symposium is to provide scientists the opportunity to present their work on the magnetospheres, ionospheres and atmospheres of planets, their moons and comets. Papers dealing with both observational and theoretical results are encouraged. There will be a number of invited review presentations, but the bulk of the available time is expected to be devoted to contributed presentations of new and relevant observations and calculations. For additional information contact: A. F. Nagy (anagy@umich.edu).

IAGA SESSION 4.03: FROM PICK-UP IONS TO ENERGETIC PARTICLES: THE ACCELERATION OF ANOMALOUS COSMIC RAYS

Uppsala, Sweden, August 15, 1997
The purpose of this symposium is to review all aspects of the acceleration of anomalous cosmic rays. The efficiencies of acceleration of pick-up ions during their convection to the outer heliosphere by the processes of Alfven-wave turbulence, transit time damping, and traveling interplanetary shocks (CIRs) should be discussed and compared. Studies of the injection and acceleration of ions at the solar wind termination shock, including the processes of Fermi and shock-drift acceleration, should be presented, and shock spectra resulting from theory should be compared with observations. For additional information contact: A. C. Cummings (ace@citsrl.srl.caltech.edu).

IAGA/ICMA WORKSHOP ON SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS ON THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE

Prague, Czech Republic, August 18-22, 1997
The Workshop will be held at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, just after the IAGA/ICMA/ SCOSTEP Assemblies in Uppsala. It will cover the effects of solar electromagnetic radiation (solar cycle, solar rotation, and other time scales), solar wind (including geomagnetic storms), and high energy particles on the middle atmosphere and to some extent on the troposphere and the lower ionosphere. Problems of distinguishing between long-term solar and anthropogenic effects and other long-term changes (e.g., volcanic) will be included. Related invited papers about solar radiation, particles, geomagnetic storms and external long-term changes are foreseen.

The deadline for submission of abstracts is 1 June 1997.

The first Workshop was held in the Castle of Liblice near Prague in the spring of 1989 with Proceedings published in the Handbook for MAP, Vol. 29 (1989.)

For additional information and Pre-registration Form contact: Jan Lastovicka (jla@ufa.cas.cz) or SPA home page under Meetings Calendar. The URL is http://igpp.ucla.edu/spa/.

WORKSHOP ON SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT MODELING: NEW PHENOMENA AND APPROACHES

Moscow, Russia, October 7-9, 1997,
The Workshop will be hosted by the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University under the auspices of Moscow State University, Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Space Agency, and follows up the annual conferences devoted to Space Radiation Environment Empirical and Theoretical Models, which took place at Dubna (Russia, 1993), Taos (New Mexico, USA, 1994), Brussels (Belgium, 1995) and Noordwijk (Netherlands, 1996).

Objectives of the Workshop: The exciting new results obtained during the last years show that the study of Earth's radiation environment is far from being completed. New modern methods of radiation environment modeling should be developed. Models of cosmic rays and Earth's radiation belts need to be improved to provide more reliable and accurate estimates of radiation environment effects on spacecraft elements during future missions. At the Workshop we plan to outline the different ways to achieve these tasks.

Session Topics: Physical Radiation Belt Modeling; Empirical Radiation Belt Modeling; Galactic and Solar Cosmic Rays Modeling; Radiation Environment Impact on Spacecraft; and Magnetospheric Magnetic Field Modeling.

The abstract deadline is May 19, 1997.

For additional information and Preliminary Registration Form contact: Mikhail Panasyuk, Workshop Chairman, (panasyuk@srdlan.npi.msu.su); Tel/Fax (7 095) 939-5034.

SCHOOL ON ATMOSPHERIC RADAR (SAR)

National MST Radar Facility, Gadanki/Tirupati, India December 10-13, 1997
Preceding the 8th Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar (MST8) (see next item), SAR will be held in India. The program content for this School includes several invited tutorial lectures by eminent scientists attending the MST8 and extensive hands-on training for the participants. Interested young scientists from developing countries, preferably under 35 years of age. For more details on this School, contact Dr. S. C. Chakravartyat: Indian Space Research Organization, ISRO Headquarters, Antariksh Bhavan, New BEL Road, Bangalore 560 094 India. Telephone: +91-80-3416271; Telefax: +91-80-3419190; E-mail: scc@isro.ernet.in.

EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
ON TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS
OF MST RADAR (MST8)

Hotel Ashok, Bangalore, India, December 15-20, 1997
The International Workshop on MST radar, held about every two years, is a major event drawing together experts from all over the world who are engaged in or want to learn about research and development of radar techniques to study the mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere (MST) and ionosphere, as well as scientific results from those studies. The meeting also offers excellent opportunities to young scientists, research students and new entrants to the field for close interactions with the experts on all technical and scientific aspects of MST radar.

The major topics of MST8 deal with radar scattering processes in the atmosphere and ionosphere, winds, waves and turbulence in the lower and middle atmosphere, meteorological phenomena and applica-tions, such as wind profilers, boundary layer radars and net works, as well as major scientific, technical and signal processing achievements and highlights from the MST radar facilities of the world.

The Workshop is sponsored by SCOSTEP, URSI and The Department of Space (DOS), Government of India. The International Steering Group consists of S. Fukao (Japan), M. F. Larsen (USA), C.H. Liu (China-Taipei), A.P. Mitra (India) and J. Röttger (Sweden.) The local organization is under the direction of P. B. Rao (National MST Radar Facility, India) and S. C. Chakravarty (Indian Space Research Organization.) Anyone interested in attending MST8 should contact Dr. Chakravarty at the address shown in the previous item.


CALENDAR OF EVENTS
1997


March 13-17: Fifth International School for Space Simulations, Kyoto, Japan. Contact: H. Matsumoto (isss@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
April 21-25: Solar and Heliospheric Physics at EGS97, Vienna, Austria. Contact: R. Marsden (rmarsden@estec.esa.nl)
April 21-25: Pioneers in STP During the 19th and 20th Centuries, Vienna, Austria. Contact: W. Schroder, Geophysical Station, Hechelstrasse 8, D- 2877 Bremen-Roennebeck, Germany.
April 28-May 4: IAU Colloquium 167: New Perspectives on Solar Prominences, Aussois, France. Contact: David Webb (webb@plh.af.mil)
May 12-16: Profiler Workshop, Engelberg, Switzerland. Contact: (pws@atmos.umnw.ethz.ch)
May 20-22: IGAC/SPARC Conference on Global Measurement Systems for Atmospheric Composition, Toronto, Canada. Contact: IGAC-GOMAC (gomac@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca)
May 22- June 3: Third Volga International Summer School on Space Plasma Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Contact: L. M. Erukhimov (le@nirfi.sci-nnov.ru)
June 23-27: Eighth EISCAT International Workshop, Leicester, UK. Contact: K. Bowers (kathleen@ion.le.ac.uk)
July 13-18: North American URSI Meeting, Session G2: Modeling of Thermospheric-Ionospheric Feedbacks, Montreal, Canada. Contact: C. G. Fesen (fesen@tides.utdallas.edu)
August 3: S-RAMP Steering Committee, Uppsala, Sweden
August 3: STEP Steering Committee, Uppsala, Sweden
August 4-5: IAGA Session 2.12/3.11/4.06/5.06: Space Weather Models, near Real-Time Monitoring and Predictions, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: T. Pulkkinen (tuija@kitron.colorado.edu)
August 4-8: Ninth STP Symposium, Uppsala, Sweden
August 4-8: IAMAS Middle Atmosphere Symposium, Uppsala, Sweden
August 4-14: Conference on Global Change and History of Geomagnetism, Geophysics and Aeronomy, during IAGA Scientific Assembly, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: Dr. Wilfried Schroder, Geophysical Station, Hechelstrasse 8, D-2877 Bremen-Roennebeck, Germany.
August 4-15: IAGA Assembly, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: IAGA Secretariat (iaga@irfu.se)
August 9: IAGA Symposium 4.05: Foreshock, Bow Shock and Magnetosheath: The Multi-Spacecraft Perspective, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: S. J. Schwartz (s.j.schwartz@qmw.ac.uk)
August 9: IAGA Session 3.07: Generation and Propagation of ULF Waves, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: A. A. Chan (anthony-chan@rice.edu)
August 9 and 12, SCOSTEP Bureau. Contact for this and the following SCOSTEP meetings and STP Symposium in Uppsala: J. H. Allen, SCOSTEP Secretariat (jallen@ngdc.noaa.gov)
August 10: SCOSTEP General Council, Uppsala, Sweden.
August 11: IAGA Division IV Working Goup IV.2 Meeting Turbulence and Shjock Waves in the Heliosphere., Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: I. S. Veselovsky (veselov@dec1.npi.msu.su)
August 11-15: ICMA, Uppsala, Sweden
August 12: IAGA Session 3.10 Physics and Microphysics of the Discrete Aurora, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: S. Derr (sarah@space.ualberta.ca)
August 14-15: IAGA Symposium 2.10/3.01/411 Planetary Magnetospehres, Ionospheres, and Atmospheres, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: A. F. Nagy (anagy@umich.edu)
August 14-15: IAGA Session 7.02 Geomagnetism and Aeronomy in Developing Countries, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: L. M. Barreto (barreto@obsn.on.br)
August 15: IAGA Session 4.03: From Pick-up Ions to Energetic Particles: The Acceleration of Anomalous Cosmic Rays, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact: A. C. Cummings (ace@citsrl.srl.caltech.edu)
August 18-22: IAGA/ICMA Workshop on Solar Activity Effects on the Middle Atmosphere, Prague, Czech Republic. Contact: J. Lastovicka (jla@ufa.cas.cz)
October 7-9: Workshop on Space Radiation Environment Modeling: New Phenomena and Approaches. Contact: M. Panasyuk (panasyuk@srdlan.npi.msu.su)
December 10-13: School on Atmospheric Radar (SAR), Bangalore, India. Contact: S. C. Chakravarty (scc@isro.ernet.in)
December 15-20: Eighth Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar (MST8) and School on Atmospheric Radar (SAR) Bangalore, India. Contact: S. C. Chakravarty (scc@isro.ernet.in)
1998
March 9-13: Fourth International Conference on Substorms, Lake Hamana, Japan. Contact: S. Kokubun (kokubun@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp)